With the whole of Afghanistan in the hands of anti-Taliban forces and accessible to United States ground forces, the whereabouts of Osama bin Laden and the leadership of his Al-Qaeda network remains a mystery.
The US were led a merry dance in the Tora Bora in eastern Afghanistan, being duped by mercenary local commanders into believing that thousands of Al-Qaeda fighters, as well as bin Laden, were holed up in caves in the mountains. (See Taliban's trail leads to Pakistan, Dec 13)
Of course, bin Laden was not sitting patiently waiting to greet the US troops when they and their local allies finally overran the region, the last pocket of resistance in the country. Instead, they found only a few hundred Al-Qaeda fighters and a number of women and children. Bin Laden and the ''thousands'' had already slipped into the Pakistan tribal areas, the US were told by the conniving commanders.
However, extensive investigations indicate that bin Laden has crossed the southwest border into Iran, where he is being sheltered by dissident Iranian guerrilla fighters of the Mujahideen-i-Khalq, a group with strong Iraqi links and which is outlawed as a terrorist organization by the United States. Interviews with Pakistani jihadi who fought in Afghanistan, journalists and intelligence sources support this view.
Drawing on the combined information of these sources, it appears that even before September 11 bin Laden changed his location within Afghanistan every few days, shuttling between Jalalabad, Kandahar and Kabul. In Jalalabad alone he had a number of places to live. The former governor of Nangarhar and now the governor of the eastern provinces, Haji Abdul Qadeer, provided him with costly residences.
Soon after September 11, the US demanded that the Taliban hand over bin Laden. Later, it expanded its demand to include the handover of the entire leadership of Al-Qaeda, and subsequently it said that it would attack Afghanistan to break the entire Al-Qaeda network. These demands strongly suggested to the Taliban leadership that US President George W Bush was obsessed with attacking Afghanistan regardless of whether they arranged for bin Laden to escape from the country or not.
At this stage bin Laden remained in Kabul, in a center for Arab fighters. That was the time when diplomatic efforts were under way to reach a peaceful settlement in handing over bin Laden. Having rejected the US demands, Taliban leader Mullah Omar decided to keep bin Laden in a secret place known only to a handful of people. He was hidden along with a small number of Arab bodyguards and his confidante, Egyptian Dr Aimen Al-Zawari and senior members of Al-Qaeda.
The manner in which messages and video tapes featuring bin Laden were delivered in Kabul to the Al-Jazeera television network and some newspapers indicates that he was not too far from Kabul. Many of the sources speculated that in the first 10 days of the war he was holed up in Bamiyan, home to the famous ancient giant buddhas until they were destroyed by the Taliban earlier this year.
By The Southwest Border into Iran
The US were led a merry dance in the Tora Bora in eastern Afghanistan, being duped by mercenary local commanders into believing that thousands of Al-Qaeda fighters, as well as bin Laden, were holed up in caves in the mountains. (See Taliban's trail leads to Pakistan, Dec 13)
Of course, bin Laden was not sitting patiently waiting to greet the US troops when they and their local allies finally overran the region, the last pocket of resistance in the country. Instead, they found only a few hundred Al-Qaeda fighters and a number of women and children. Bin Laden and the ''thousands'' had already slipped into the Pakistan tribal areas, the US were told by the conniving commanders.
However, extensive investigations indicate that bin Laden has crossed the southwest border into Iran, where he is being sheltered by dissident Iranian guerrilla fighters of the Mujahideen-i-Khalq, a group with strong Iraqi links and which is outlawed as a terrorist organization by the United States. Interviews with Pakistani jihadi who fought in Afghanistan, journalists and intelligence sources support this view.
Drawing on the combined information of these sources, it appears that even before September 11 bin Laden changed his location within Afghanistan every few days, shuttling between Jalalabad, Kandahar and Kabul. In Jalalabad alone he had a number of places to live. The former governor of Nangarhar and now the governor of the eastern provinces, Haji Abdul Qadeer, provided him with costly residences.
Soon after September 11, the US demanded that the Taliban hand over bin Laden. Later, it expanded its demand to include the handover of the entire leadership of Al-Qaeda, and subsequently it said that it would attack Afghanistan to break the entire Al-Qaeda network. These demands strongly suggested to the Taliban leadership that US President George W Bush was obsessed with attacking Afghanistan regardless of whether they arranged for bin Laden to escape from the country or not.
At this stage bin Laden remained in Kabul, in a center for Arab fighters. That was the time when diplomatic efforts were under way to reach a peaceful settlement in handing over bin Laden. Having rejected the US demands, Taliban leader Mullah Omar decided to keep bin Laden in a secret place known only to a handful of people. He was hidden along with a small number of Arab bodyguards and his confidante, Egyptian Dr Aimen Al-Zawari and senior members of Al-Qaeda.
The manner in which messages and video tapes featuring bin Laden were delivered in Kabul to the Al-Jazeera television network and some newspapers indicates that he was not too far from Kabul. Many of the sources speculated that in the first 10 days of the war he was holed up in Bamiyan, home to the famous ancient giant buddhas until they were destroyed by the Taliban earlier this year.
By The Southwest Border into Iran